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In medicine, there are a number of specialties and subspecialties can be in. Before a doctor decides on a focus, they must learn the basic science of medicine. Basic skills is essential if further progress in the studies, which is the reason why doctors have to be connected to the four years of medical school before the promotion to a specialty.

There are sixteen topics of the initiation of medical science. Anatomy, a subject, often in conjunction with doctors, is to examine the physical structure of man. Histology is similar anatomy, with the exception of tissue instead of larger parts. Biochemistry and biostatistics are the applications of chemistry and statistics in a biological sense.

The examination of individual cells Cytology and Genetics is the study of genes in the cells. The nervous system has its own area called neuroscience, knowledge about the brain and spinal cord. Pharmacology and toxicology studies of both drugs, unless pharmacology focuses on the benefits of them during the toxicology is negative.

Other Basic Sciences include embryology, epidemiology, immunology, microbiology, nutrition, pathology and physiology. General practitioners must have a background in all these areas so that appropriate patients to specialists.

Two major groups exist in medicine, internal medicine and surgery. Internal medicine with non-operative treatment of diseases and disorders caused by drugs and therapies. Surgery operational measures, and is usually associated with a kind of internal medicine. Specialties branches from both categories, while some are completely independent of either, such as radiology.

Cardiology is a specialty in internal medicine, where doctors focus on disorders associated with the cardiovascular system. Subspecialties cardiology focus on specific diseases, such as coronary heart disease. In fact, most of the major subspecialties are topics for a disease.

Intensive Care Medicine will be in patients who are in immediate need of care or in a life-threatening situation. Hepatology is concerned with the liver and kidney disease is concerned about the kidneys. Rheumatology, the treatment of common problems such as arthritis.

In addition to the internal medicine specialties, several surgical specialties there. ENT Surgery, which consists of head, neck, face, and certain cosmetic procedures. Surgical Oncology, the use of surgery to combat cancer.

Peripheral vascular surgery, the blood vessels and the central nervous system and cardio-vascular surgery includes the heart and surrounding arteries. Transplantation is an important feature in the dysfunctional institutions are replaced with the best.

Besides the two main categories of internal medicine and surgery, a third class called diagnostic specialties there. This does not deal with the cure of diseases, but examine them. All laboratory sciences diagnostic specialties. Cellular pathology is the study of the diagnosis of disease through the use of samples of tissue or cells from patients.

Clinical microbiology in vitro diagnosis of diseases caused by fungi, viruses, parasites and bacteria. Radiology is a well-known specialty of diagnosis, imaging technologies to diagnose and treat diseases.

Neurological diseases, which are not completely physical, a different treatment approach than traditional diseases. Rehabilitation in neurology, as it deals with the physical and spiritual healing after an injury or illness. Any disturbance in the nervous system is neurological.

Therefore, all degenerative brain diseases like Alzheimer's, are used in neurology. Neurologists may specialize in certain conditions such as stroke or sleep disorders, they have after the completion of general education of neurology.